469
Appendix.
[ 56 ]
QUANTITY OF TEA exported from Canton by the Dutch, from 1783 to 1808.
Report on the Tea Trade.
YEARS.
QUANTITY.
YEARS.
QUANTITY,
i
[ 57 ]
YEARS QUANTITY YEARS QUANTITY 1783 Lbs. 5,334,000 1796 1784 4,458,800 1797 1785 5,943,200 1798 1786 5,794,900 1799 1787 4,179,600 1800 1788 5,106,900 1801 1789 205,333 1802 1790 1,328,500 1803 1791 2,051,330 1804 1792 2,938,530 1805 1793 2,417,200 1806 1794 4,096,800 1807 1,144,266 1795 1808 TOTAL Lbs. 43,649,760 TOTAL Lbs. 1,449,599Lbs. 43,649,760
Lbs. 1,449,599
Lbs. 42,200,161
Exportation, First Period
Ditto, Last Period
Decreased Exportation
By comparing the first three years with the last three years of the Dutch trade, the decrease will be found to amount to 122,834 quarter chests; and in 1830 there were no ships sent to China.
After the restoration of the house of Nassau in 1815, a Dutch company was formed to carry on the tea trade; the royal proclamation announcing that it was to "prevent the trade falling into the hands of foreigners." In 1817 the company was dissolved, and the Americans and Dutch entered freely into competition for the supply of the Hollanders and Belgians with tea, "the duties (as Mr. Masterson, the vice-consul at Rotterdam, says) being so low, that the importations by Dutch and foreign flags is only about an English penny on the lower prices, and on the higher prices nothing." Mr. Masterson delivered in to the House of Commons the following Table, which demonstrates, although there was the greatest competition, the greatest abundance, and the lowest possible price (lower even, sometimes, than it could be bought at Canton), yet the consumption of tea did not increase, although according to theory it ought to have done so. Let it be remembered that this trade has not only been carried on without profit, but at considerable loss; that of the Dutch being 2,000,000 of florins within four years.
TEA TRADE to the Netherlands.*
The Dutch consul, in an address to the Governor of Canton in 1829, when there were the following ships in China; the "Peter and Karl," 300 tons; the "Charlotte," of 150 tons; and the "Experiment," of 188 tons, trading to Java; while so long ago as 1747 there were six large Dutch vessels at Canton, and in 1789 there were five, all of large burthen, says, "For many years the trade of Holland with the empire of China was considerable; many ships annually came, bringing goods from Holland or its colonies; but the principal object was always to purchase cargoes, entirely the productions of China; and I am happy to say that no difficulties have ever existed between the two countries. Formerly our connexion was advantageous to both parties, but since the expenses and the duties which are demanded on our ships and our merchandize, whether imports or exports, have considerably increased, the cohong has not preserved the merchants which the government had fixed, from whence it results that commerce has become limited, and its advantages less, and insensibly that of Holland has so much diminished that it has become almost nothing."
The Dutch are now trying to cultivate tea in Java, and the produce this year 1844-45 is about 75,000 lbs., and 1846, 992,500 lbs.; but it is of inferior quality, and grown and manufactured at considerable expense.
Denmark next presents itself to observation, as the Danes have been consumers of tea since the commencement of the last century; at one time, as the annexed Table will show, they exported a large quantity of tea from Canton. The duty is extremely low, viz.; two per cent. ad valorem, and the sale price, according to Mr. Consul Fenwick's Elsinore, December 1828, was for Bohea 20d., Congo 28 d. to 30 d., and Souchong 30 d. to 32d. per lb. Here also we do not find the consumption to have at all increased, but the very contrary.
YEARS QUANTITY OF TEA shipped at Canton by the Danes* YEARS QUANTITY 1767 Lbs. 3,010,286 1787 2,664,000 1768 1,430,874 1788 2,496,800 1769 1,449,306 1789 1,778,000 1770 2,800,482 1790 520,000 1771 2,750,164 1791 1772 2,999,600 1792 852,000 1773 8,867,300 1793 1774 3,287,300 1794 24,670 1775 2,833,700 1795 1776 2,487,300 1796 2,504,400 1777 2,098,300 1797 1,307,800 1778 1,388,400 1798 2,910,900 1779 3,983,600 1799 1780 2,341,400 1800 963,467 1781 4,118,500 1801 1782 5,477,200 1802 1783 3,204,000 1803 1784 3,158,000 1804 966,133 1785 4,578,100 1805 1,739,866 1786 2,092,000 1806 TOTAL Lbs. 64,305,812BY AMERICANS.
BY THE DUTCH.
YEARS QUANTITY YEARS QUANTITY 1818 Lbs. 1824 Lbs. 1,409,992 1819 3,508,164 Qr. Chests. 90,535 1820 8,496,746 59,929 1825 2,036,760 37,224 1821 3,822,638 73,372 1826 528,264 45,768 1822 721,644 17,213 1827 294,030 28,038 1823 1,256,442 28,024 1828 1,111,308 46,672 1829 953,628 26,392 TOTAL Lbs. 14,036,506 TOTAL Lbs. 4,733,982 Qr. Chests. 295,265 Qr. Chests. 197,117Exportation of First Period
Lbs. 64,305,812
Ditto, Last Period
Lbs. 21,421,101
Decrease
Lbs. 42,884,711
Dutch:
First Period's Importation
Qr. Chests. 295,265
Last Period
Qr. Chests. 197,117
Decrease
Qr. Chests 98,148
Americans:
First Period's Importation
Lbs. 14,036,506
Last Period
Lbs. 4,733,982
Decrease
Lbs. 9,302,524
In April 1825 the stock of teas of different kinds on hand in Denmark was
Lbs.
+
484,000
In 1827 there was a direct supply of
717,000
Total
Lbs.
1,201,000
In
* House of Commons Report, page 448.
↑ A quarter chest contains 60 lbs. English.
By
* Macpherson's Commerce of India.
P
Appendix.
Report
Trade.
on the Tea
469
Appendix.
[ 56 ]
QUANTITY OF TEA exported from Canton by the Dutch, from 1783 to 1808.
Report on the Tea Trade.
YEARS.
QUANTITY.
YEARS.
QUANTITY,
i
[ 57 ]
By comparing the first three years with the last three years of the Dutch trade, the decrease will be found to amount to 122,834 quarter chests; and in 1830 there were no ships sent to China.
C4
Lbs.
Lbs.
1783
1796
1784
5,334,000
1797
1785
4,458,800
1798
1786
5,943,200
1799
1787
5,794,900
1800
1788
4,179,600
1801
1789
5,106,900
1802
205,333
1790
1,328,500
1803
1791
2,051,330
1804
1792
2,938,530
1805
1793
2,417,200
1806
1794
4,096,800
1807
1,144,266
1795
1808
TOTAL
Lbs.
43,649,760
TOTAL
Lbs.
1,449,599
Lbs.
43,649,760
1,449,599
Lbs.
42,200,161
Exportation, First Period
Ditto
Last Period
Decreased Exportation
After the restoration of the house of Nassau in 1815, a Dutch company was formed to carry on the tea trade; the royal proclamation announcing that it was to "prevent the trade falling into the hands of foreigners." In 1817 the company was dissolved, and the Americans and Dutch entered freely into competition for the supply of the Hollanders and Belgians with tea, "the duties (as Mr. Masterson, the vice-consul at Rotterdam, says) being so low, that the importations by Dutch and foreign flags is only about an English penny on the lower prices, and on the higher prices nothing." Mr. Masterson delivered in to the House of Commons the following Table, which demonstrates, although there was the greatest com- petition, the greatest abundance, and the lowest possible price (lower even, sometimes, than it could be bought at Canton), yet the consumption of tea did not increase, although according to theory it ought to have done so. Let it be remembered that this trade has not only been carried on without profit, but at considerable loss; that of the Dutch being 2,000,000 of florins within four years.
TEA TRADE to the Netherlands.*
The Dutch consul, in an address to the Governor of Canton in 1829, when there were the following ships in China; the "Peter and Karl," 300 tons; the "
Charlotte," of 150 tons; and the "Experiment," of 188 tons, trading to Java; while so Teemanshop;" the long ago as 1747 there were six large Dutch vessels at Canton, and in 1789 there were five, all of large burthen, says, "For many years the trade of Holland with the empire of China was considerable; many ships annually came, bringing goods from Holland or its colonies; but the principal object was always to purchase cargoes, entirely the productions of China; and I am happy to say that no difficulties have ever existed between the two countries. Formerly our connexion was advantageous to both parties, but since the expenses and the duties which are demanded on our ships and our merchandize, whether imports or exports, have considerably increased, the cohong has not preserved the merchants which the ment had fixed, from whence it results that commerce has become limited, and its advantages less, and insensibly that of Holland has so much diminished that it has become almost nothing."
The Dutch are now trying to cultivate tea in Java, and the produce this year 1844-45 is about 75,000 lbs., and 1846, 992,500 lbs. ; but it is of inferior quality, and grown and manu- factured at considerable
expense.
govern-
Denmark next presents itself to observation, as the Danes have been consumers of tea since the commencement of the last century; at one time, as the annexed Table will show, they exported a large quantity of tea from Canton. The duty is extremely low, viz,; two per cent. ad valorem, and the sale price, according to Mr. Consul Fenwick's Elsinore, December 1828, was for Bohea 20d., Congo 28 d. to 30 d., and Souchong 30 d. dated report, to 32d. per lb. flere also we do not find the consumption to have at all increased, but the very contrary.
YEARS,
QUANTITY OF TEA shipped at Canton by the Danes*.
QUANTITY.
YEARS.
QUANTITY.
1767
Lbs. 3,010,286
Lbs.
1787
2,664,000
1768
1,430,874
1788
2,496,800
1769
1,449,306
1789
1,778,000
1770
2,800,482
1790
520,000
1771
2,750,164
1791
1772
2,999,600
1792
852,000
1773
8,867,300
1793
1774
3,287,300
1794
24,670
1776
2,833,700
1795
1776
2,487,300
1796
2,504,400
1777
2,098,300
1797
1,307,800
1778
QUANTITY
QUANTITY
QUANTITY
QUANTITY
1,388,400
1798
2,910,900
YEARS.
YEARS.
1779
3,983,600
1799
BY AMERICANS.
BY THE DUTCH.
BY AMERICANS.
BY THE DUTCH.
1,132,266
1780
2,341,400
1800
963,467
1781
4,118,500
1801
1818
-
Lbs. 3,508,164
Qr. Chests. +
90,535
1824
Lbs. 1,409,992
Qr. Chests.
1782
5,477,200
1802
183,533 1,380,266
13,023
1783
3,204,000
1803
1819
8,496,746
59,929
1825
2,036,760
37,224
1784
3,158,000
1804
966,133
1820
3,822,638
73,372
1826
528,264
45,768
1785
4,578,100
1805
1,739,866
1821
721,644
17,213
1827
294,030
28,038
1786
2,092,000
1806
1822
1,256,442
28,024
1828
1,111,308
46,672
1823
1,780,872
26,192
1829
953,628
26,392
Total
Lbs.
64,305,812
Total
Lbs.
21,421,101
TOTAL
14,036,506
295,265
TOTAL
4,733,982
197,117
Lbs.
Exportation of First Period
64,305,812
Dutch:
First Period's Importation Last
Qr. Chests. 295,265
Ditto, Last Period
21,421,101
Decrease
Lbs.
42,884,711
ditto
197,117
Decrease
Qr. Chests
98,148
Americans:
ditto
First Period's Importation Last
Decrease
Lbs.
Lbs. 14,036,506 4,733,982
9,302,524
In April 1825 the stock of teas of different kinds on hand in Denmark was In 1827 there was a direct supply of
Lbs.
+
484,000
717,000
Total
Lbs.
1,201,000
In
* House of Commons Report, page 448.
↑ A quarter chest contains 60 lbs. English.
By
* Macpherson's Commerce of India.
P
Appendix.
Report
Trade.
on the Tea
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